Ceramic magnets were first created in the 1960s in Japan (the story goes that they were accidentally created). They are made of a mix of 90% iron oxide and 10% strontium oxide/barium oxide. The reason they have gained wide popularity is that of their low cost, high resistance to corrosion, and permanent nature of magnetization. The common uses of ceramic magnets are in DC motors, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) machines, automotive sensors and magnetic separators. Because of the high thermal resistance, these magnets are suited for use in high-temperature environments.
The ingredients of ceramic magnets are added together in the correct proportion and superheated to temperatures in the range of 1800°F to 2000°F. Wet milling then minimizes the material to very small particulate matter, and after drying (or sometimes in the slurry form), it is put into a hydraulic press. Here the compaction takes place in the presence of a strong magnetic field when the water is mostly removed. The final stage is the grinding of the magnets as per customer specification.
Ceramic magnets are cast in different shapes – blocks, rings, and discs. A Ceramic magnet disc offers the following distinct features compares to other kinds of magnets:
- Compared to alnico and rare earth magnets, they are very cheap.
- The intrinsic coercive force is very high.
- The service temperature is much lesser than alnico magnets but much higher than rare earth magnets.
- They have lower energy than alnico and rare earth magnets.
- Tooling can be a little expensive because of the need for diamonds due to the brittle nature.
- Because of the corrosive nature, they are not advised to be used in load-bearing situations.
They will not rust because the raw material is already an oxidized form of iron. Hence they are highly resistant to corrosion.
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